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Summarized here in a 9 point of views matrix, the General System Theory elaborated by Jean Louis LEMOIGNE

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Technopedie or Technopedia is a project from Pierre Frederic Gonod and Denise Lévy about constructing a general and systemic encylopedia about technology : the Systemic Encyclopedia of Technology

Le célèbre ouvrage de Jean Louis LEMOIGNE a ete réédité dans une version électronique pour la Collection LES CLASSIQUES DU RESEAU INTELLIGENCE DE LA COMPLEXITE (mcxapc). Epuisé dans sa version papier depuis 1999, on trouvera sur le RIC ce document rare et tant convoité.

"Projet moins orgueilleusement ambitieux que celui d’une explication universelle de l’univers connaissable !" (Jean-Louis LEMOIGNE)

Jean Louis LEMOIGNE

Système complexe = Système d’action

Analytique = logique disjonctive = « de quoi c’est fait »
Systémique =logique conjonctive = « qu’est ce que ça fait »

3 concepts d’instrumentation : Energie, Jeu, Organisation
L’Organisation est une propriété des systèmes complexes

Système général =Conjonction de 2 procédures :
- Procédure cybernétique (modèle boite noire) : (Environnement Actif, Projet (téléologie))
- Procédure structuraliste (modèle Forme qui fonctionne et se transforme) : conjonction de synchronique (fonctionnement) et diachronique (transformation)

Modèle du système général =

Action = Processus = Transfert spatio Temporel [+](conjonction)Transformation morphologique
Système=Processus=Processeur

Processus défini par 3 fonctions :
- Transfert temporel
- Transfert spatial
- Transformation morphologique


Réseau du système = trame des processus inter - reliés


Décomposition en Sous Systèmes (quasi décomposabilité augmente quand N (nombre de processus) augmente.

Articulation des sous Systèmes en 9 niveaux :

1. Identifiable
2. Actif (il fait)
3. Régulé
4. S’informer sur son comportement
5. Décider de son comportement
6. Mémorisation
7. Coordination des décisions d’action
8. Imagination et conception de nouvelles décisions
9. Finalisation


Chaque niveau assure la conjonction des formalismes de Transformation Récursive :
- Autoproduction
- Automaintenance
- Autorelation

La modélisation des systèmes s’explique comme et par une stratégie.

Effectivité = vecteur multidimensionnel rapportant le comportement d’un système à ses finalités.

Information = configuration stable de symboles
Symbole = Opérateur qui s’exprime par un signe capable d’être à la fois signifié/signifiant

Modélisation des finalités : processus cognitif de résolution des problèmes

Décision = conjonction de 3 sous systèmes stables, chacun pouvant être représenté comme un système de décision :
Système d’intelligence (ca va/ca va pas)
Système de conception (élaboration de plans d’action : formalisation par heuristiques ou algorithmes)
Système de Sélection (choix multicritère)



CHOIX DES PLANS D’ACTION
(Programmation, planification)

- Décision arrêtée
- Décision de s’informer
- Décision de refinaliser

Adaptation d’une organisation complexe (changement) :
Conjonction (information – organisation) et conjonction (accomodation (canaux) , assimilation (codes))


Organisation Active = Organis-action (E.MORIN)=Unité Active (E.Pevreux) = Action, Acteur, Transformation temporelle
= conjonction de 3 actions TEF : Maintenir et se Maintenir (T), Relier et se Relier(E), Produire et Se produire (F)

Notes de lecture (en anglais !) sur le statut epistemologique de la connaissance : la systemique de Jean Louis LEMOIGNE, par Darek M. Eriksson


What is knowledge? [Q1]

What is Knowledge is a gnostic question.
LMS’ epistemological version, called Projective Constructivist Epistemology is that the what presents the two basic hypotheses :
- the phenomenological hypothesis [Q1H1] about knowing is that it has 3 properties : irreversible [Q1H1P1], recursive [Q1H1P2], dialectic [Q1H1P3]
- the teleological hypothesis [Q1H2]


Why is knowledge valid? [Q2]

Why is knowledge si valid is an ethical question
The why question presents the criterion for validation, which is projective (or cognitive) feasibility, to be contrasted with the positivist’s aspiration for objective truth. This presents LMS’ solution to the dilemma between objectivity and relativism. Projective feasibility is possible due to the so-called social contract and the autonomy of science as a domain of thought.

2 postulats :
· validation of knowing is postulated as due to the criterion of projective feasibility [Q2Ps1]
· the domain of science in general is postulated to be autonomous [Q2Ps2]

How to construct knowledge ? [Q3]

How to construct knowledge is a methodological question.

3 answers :
· Modelling rationality [Q3R1], Under the label of modelling rationality the following topics are discussed: formalism, procedural rationality, conjunctive or self-referential system of logic and the discussion of the method for conduct of good reason.
o includes procedural rationality [Q3R1S1] rather than substantive,
o a conjunctive system of logic [Q3R1S2] rather than the one of excluded thirds
o and LMS’ own method [Q3R1S3] rather than accepting Descartes.

· Systemic Modelling (SM), [Q3R2] and which may be contrasted with the generally accepted Analytical Modelling (AM), Secondly, systemic modelling discusses: complexity, modelling, the canonic model of a General System, LMS’ modelling instrument called Systemography, the canonic model of a General Process, the canonic model of Information Processing System, LMS’ instrument for articulation of complex systems called Teleological Complexification of Functional Levels, a general and a priori identification of pertinent levels of complexification of a complex system’s organisation as manifested in the canonic model called Decision-Information-Organisation System, and finally the paradigm of an active organisation: Eco-Auto-Re-Organisation with its canonic model of organisation, the latter is a conflictful conjunction of three recursive functions: to produce and self-produce, to relate and selfrelate, to maintain and self-maintain.

o includes the following: a canonic model of a General System (GS), [Q3R2a]
o LMS’ basic modelling tool called Systemography (SGR), [Q3R2b]
o a theory of a General Process (GP), [Q3R2c]
o The latter is a foundation of SM’s modelling tool for articulation of relations between processors in a system; here it is called Teleological Complexification of Functional Levels (TCFL), [Q3R2d]
o LMS offers also a paradigm of organisation, expressed in the concept of Eco-Auto-Re-Organisation (EARO), [Q3R2e].This paradigm considers organisation to be a property of a system. That property is a conjunction of functions that is active and full of conflict, rather than just a passive structure.

· Theory of Inforgetics [Q3R3] which focuses on the relation between information and organisation, eventually mediated by a decision. Thirdly, inforgetic theory refers to the conceptual relation between information and organisation.n It includes: the canonic model of information: Signified-Sign-Signification, the first principle of inforgetics: the principle of selforganisation, and the second principle of inforgetics: the principle of intelligent action.Inforgetics may be contrasted to the theory of energetics,
o the latter focuses on the relation between matter and energy. Inforgetics offers the Principle of Self-Organisation [Q3R3a]
o Principle of Intelligent Action [Q3R3b]
o These two may be juxtaposed with energetics’ principle of mutual conservation between energy and matter (or entropy) and the principle of least action (or maximum- from-minimum).

SOURCE : A Principal Exposition of Jean-Louis Le Moigne’s Systemic Theory - Revue "Cybernetics and Human Knowing". Vol. 4 no. 2-3 1997. - Par Darek M. Eriksson